Plant Profiles – Highlands Biological Station

Highlands Botanical Garden & Nature Center

Native Plant Profiles

Discover the woody flora, wildflowers, and vines of the Highlands Plateau — a global biodiversity hotspot in the southern Blue Ridge.

Part of the Highlands Plateau Greenway NC Birding Trail highlandsbiological.org

Native Plant Profiles

25 featured species
Appalachian Turtlehead
Wildflower

Appalachian Turtlehead

Chelone lyonii

Rosy-pink, turtle-shaped blooms and glossy foliage thriving in moist, partly shaded habitats of the southern Appalachians.

Learn more →
Bee Balm
Wildflower

Bee Balm

Monarda didyma

Showy native perennial with vibrant red tubular flowers that attract hummingbirds and pollinators in moist, sunny habitats.

Learn more →
Blazing Star
Wildflower

Blazing Star

Liatris spicata

Tall spikes of feathery purple flowers that bloom top to bottom, attracting pollinators in sunny meadows and prairies.

Learn more →
Blue Lobelia
Wildflower

Blue Lobelia

Lobelia siphilitica

Bold native wildflower with vibrant blue tubular blooms brightening moist meadows and streambanks from late summer into fall.

Learn more →
Butterfly Milkweed
Wildflower

Butterfly Milkweed

Asclepias tuberosa

Vibrant native milkweed with bright orange blooms that attract butterflies, thriving in dry sunny meadows and prairies.

Learn more →
Cutleaf Coneflower
Wildflower

Cutleaf Coneflower

Rudbeckia laciniata

Tall native wildflower with deeply lobed leaves and bright yellow daisy-like blooms lighting up moist meadows in late summer.

Learn more →
Dwarf Crested Iris
Wildflower

Dwarf Crested Iris

Iris cristata

Low-growing native with delicate violet-blue blooms and golden crests, often carpeting the forest floor in early spring.

Learn more →
Foxglove Beardtongue
Wildflower

Foxglove Beardtongue

Penstemon digitalis

Graceful native perennial with tall spikes of tubular white flowers attracting pollinators in sunny meadows and open woodlands.

Learn more →
Golden Ragwort
Wildflower

Golden Ragwort

Packera aurea

Cheerful native groundcover with clusters of bright yellow spring flowers thriving in moist woodlands and along streambanks.

Learn more →
Grass-of-Parnassus
Wildflower

Grass-of-Parnassus

Parnassia asarifolia

Delicate native wildflower with striking white veined petals, found in wet boggy areas of the southern Appalachians.

Hollowstem Joe-Pye Weed
Wildflower

Hollowstem Joe-Pye Weed

Eutrochium fistulosum

Towering native perennial with clusters of fragrant pink-purple flowers attracting pollinators in moist meadows and woodland edges.

Learn more →
Mountain Mint
Wildflower

Mountain Mint

Pycnanthemum muticum

Fragrant native perennial with soft silvery bracts and pale pink flowers, beloved by pollinators in sunny meadows.

Learn more →
Oconee Bell
Wildflower

Oconee Bell

Shortia galacifolia

Rare and delicate native wildflower with nodding white bell-shaped blooms and glossy evergreen foliage in shaded Appalachian forests.

Pitcher Plant
Wildflower

Pitcher Plant

Sarracenia purpurea var. montana

Fascinating native carnivorous plant with deep red pitcher-shaped leaves that trap insects, thriving in nutrient-poor boggy habitats.

Rough Goldenrod
Wildflower

Rough Goldenrod

Solidago rugosa

Sturdy native perennial with coarse leaves and vibrant yellow flower clusters lighting up late-summer meadows with pollinator activity.

Learn more →
Swamp Milkweed
Wildflower

Swamp Milkweed

Asclepias incarnata

Graceful native perennial with fragrant pink flowers attracting butterflies, thriving in moist soils along streams and wetlands.

Learn more →
Three-Leaved Coneflower
Wildflower

Three-Leaved Coneflower

Rudbeckia triloba

Bushy native biennial with masses of small bright yellow flowers and dark centers, thriving in sunny meadows and garden edges.

Learn more →
Tufted Hairgrass
Wildflower

Tufted Hairgrass

Deschampsia cespitosa ssp. glauca

Graceful native bunchgrass with fine arching blades and airy golden flower panicles, thriving in moist meadows and open woodlands.

Learn more →
Native trees brochure cover
2025 Checklist — Native Trees & Woody Vines
Native shrubs brochure cover
2025 Checklist — Native Shrubs & Non-native Exotics

Native Trees

65 species
  • Allegheny Chinkapin (Castanea pumila)
  • Alternate-leaf Dogwood (Cornus alternifolia)
  • American Basswood (Tilia americana)
  • American Beech (Fagus grandifolia)
  • American Chestnut (Castanea dentata)
  • American Elm (Ulmus americana)
  • American Holly (Ilex opaca)
  • American Hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana)
  • American Plum (Prunus americana)
  • Arrowwood (Viburnum dentatum)
  • Bayleaf Willow (Salix pentandra)
  • Bitternut Hickory (Carya cordiformis)
  • Black Cherry (Prunus serotina)
  • Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia)
  • Black Oak (Quercus velutina)
  • Black Walnut (Juglans nigra)
  • Black Willow (Salix nigra)
  • Blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica)
  • Butternut (Juglans cinerea)
  • Catawba Rhododendron (Rhododendron catawbiense)
  • Carolina Hemlock (Tsuga caroliniana)
  • Carolina Silverbell (Halesia carolina)
  • Chestnut Oak (Quercus montana)
  • Chickasaw Plum (Prunus angustifolia)
  • Chokecherry (Prunus virginiana)
  • Clammy Locust (Robinia viscosa)
  • Cucumber-tree (Magnolia acuminata)
  • Devil's Walkingstick (Aralia spinosa)
  • Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis)
  • Eastern Redcedar (Juniperus virginiana)
  • Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida)
  • Fraser Magnolia (Magnolia fraseri)
  • Hawthorn (Crataegus punctata)
  • Hophornbeam (Ostrya virginiana)
  • Horse-sugar (Symplocos tinctoria)
  • Honey-locust (Gleditsia triacanthos)
  • Mockernut Hickory (Carya tomentosa)
  • Mountain Ash (Sorbus americana)
  • Mountain Camellia (Stewartia ovata)
  • Mountain Laurel (Kalmia latifolia)
  • Mountain Maple (Acer spicatum)
  • Mountain Winterberry (Ilex montana)
  • Northern Red Oak (Quercus rubra)
  • Persimmon (Diospyros virginiana)
  • Pignut Hickory (Carya glabra)
  • Pin Cherry (Prunus pensylvanica)
  • Pitch Pine (Pinus rigida)
  • Post Oak (Quercus stellata)
  • Red Maple (Acer rubrum)
  • Redbud (Cercis canadensis)
  • River Birch (Betula nigra)
  • Rosebay Rhododendron (Rhododendron maximum)
  • Sassafras (Sassafras albidum)
  • Scarlet Oak (Quercus coccinea)
  • Shagbark Hickory (Carya tomentosa)
  • Shortleaf Pine (Pinus echinata)
  • Silver Maple (Acer saccharinum)
  • Slippery Elm (Ulmus rubra)
  • Smooth Sumac (Rhus glabra)
  • Sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum)
  • Southern Red Oak (Quercus falcata)
  • Staghorn Sumac (Rhus typhina)
  • Striped Maple (Acer pensylvanicum)
  • Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum)
  • Sweet Birch (Betula lenta)
  • Sweet Pepperbush (Clethra acuminata)
  • Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis)
  • Table Mountain Pine (Pinus pungens)
  • Tulip-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera)
  • Umbrella Magnolia (Magnolia tripetala)
  • Virginia Pine (Pinus virginiana)
  • White Ash (Fraxinus americana)
  • White Oak (Quercus alba)
  • White Pine (Pinus strobus)
  • Wild Crabapple (Malus angustifolia)
  • Witch-hazel (Hamamelis virginiana)
  • Winged Sumac (Rhus copallina)
  • Yellow Birch (Betula alleghaniensis)
  • Yellow Buckeye (Aesculus flava)
  • Maple-leaved Viburnum (Viburnum acerifolium)

Native Shrubs

45 species
  • American Elder (Sambucus canadensis)
  • Arrowwood (Viburnum dentatum)
  • Beaked Hazelnut (Corylus cornuta)
  • Black Alder (Ilex verticillata)
  • Black Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa)
  • Blackhaw (Viburnum prunifolium)
  • Blue Ridge St. John's Wort (Hypericum buckleyi)
  • Bristly Locust (Robinia hispida)
  • Buckberry (Gaylussacia ursina)
  • Buckleya (Buckleya distichophylla)
  • Buffalo Nut (Pyrularia pubera)
  • Bush-Honeysuckle (Diervilla sessilifolia)
  • Bush Hypericum (Hypericum densiflorum)
  • Buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis)
  • Calycanthus (Sweetshrub) (Calycanthus floridus)
  • Carolina Buckthorn (Rhamnus caroliniana)
  • Carolina Rhododendron (Rhododendron minus)
  • Deerberry (Vaccinium stamineum)
  • Dog-hobble (Leucothoe fontanesiana)
  • Flame Azalea (Rhododendron calendulaceum)
  • Fringe Tree (Chionanthus virginicus)
  • Granite Dome Locust (Robinia hartwigii)
  • Ground Juniper (Juniperus communis)
  • Male-berry (Lyonia ligustrina)
  • Maple-leaved Viburnum (Viburnum acerifolium)
  • Meadow-sweet (Spiraea alba)
  • Minnie-bush (Menziesia pilosa)
  • Mountain Honeysuckle (Lonicera dioica)
  • New Jersey Tea (Ceanothus americanus)
  • Ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius)
  • Pinxter-Flower (Rhododendron periclymenoides)
  • Prickly Gooseberry (Ribes cynosbati)
  • Red Chokeberry (Aronia arbutifolia)
  • Redtwig Leucothoe (Leucothoe recurva)
  • Sand-myrtle (Leiophyllum buxifolium)
  • Scentless Mock-orange (Philadelphus inodorus)
  • Sheep Laurel (Kalmia angustifolia)
  • Silverleaf Hydrangea (Hydrangea radiata)
  • Smooth Azalea (Rhododendron arborescens)
  • Strawberry-bush (Euonymus americanus)
  • Swamp Azalea (Rhododendron viscosum)
  • Swamp Rose (Rosa palustris)
  • Sweet-fern (Comptonia peregrina)
  • Upland Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium simulatum)
  • Upland Low Blueberry (Vaccinium pallidum)
  • Wild Hydrangea (Hydrangea arborescens)
  • Wild Rose (Rosa carolina)
  • Yellowroot (Xanthorhiza simplicissima)

Native Woody Vines

9 species
  • Bristly Greenbrier (Smilax hispida)
  • Common Catbrier (Smilax rotundifolia)
  • Dutchman's Pipe (Aristolochia macrophylla)
  • Fox Grape (Vitis labrusca)
  • Leather-flower (Clematis viorna)
  • Poison-ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
  • Sawbrier (Smilax glauca)
  • Summer Grape (Vitis aestivalis)
  • Virginia Creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia)
  • Virgin's-bower (Clematis virginiana)

Non-native Exotics

23 species
Non-native exotic species have been documented in and around the Highlands Botanical Gardens and Nature Center. Some, such as English Ivy and Kudzu, are considered invasive and may outcompete native flora.
  • Bayleaf Willow (Salix pentandra)
  • Bridal Wreath Spirea (Spiraea japonica)
  • Common Apple (Malus sylvestris)
  • Common Barberry (Berberis vulgaris)
  • Common Lilac (Syringa vulgaris)
  • Common Peach (Prunus persica)
  • English Boxwood (Buxus sempervirens)
  • English Ivy (Hedera helix)
  • European Privet (Ligustrum vulgare)
  • Japanese Quince (Chaenomeles lagenaria)
  • Kudzu (Pueraria lobata)
  • Multiflora Rose (Rosa multiflora)
  • Norway Spruce (Picea abies)
  • Oriental Bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus)
  • Oriental Forsythia (Forsythia spp.)
  • Paulownia (Paulownia tomentosa)
  • Snowball (Viburnum opulus)
  • Tree-of-Heaven (Ailanthus altissima)
  • Weeping Willow (Salix babylonica)
  • White Poplar (Populus alba)
  • Wisteria (Wisteria frutescens)