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Notes from the Archives  ·  March 2026

Institutional Memberships: The Force Behind the Success of the Highlands Biological Station

How a single room, a great many letters, and eight founding institutions became the foundation of the Station.

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Before the laboratory

A Room, a Vision, and a Beginning

Before there was a laboratory—before benches, glassware, or even the hum of research—there was a single room. Tucked beside the Hudson Library, the Highlands Museum of Natural History lived quietly there, small in size but expansive in vision. Even then, the future of the Highlands Biological Station was already taking shape, not in buildings, but in belief—in the idea that this place, these mountains, mattered.

15Scientists at the 1930 gathering
13Institutions represented
8Founding member institutions
$100A year, for a first cubicle
1929 – 1931

Letters Sent into the Wider World

That belief found its earliest champions in people like Edwin E. Reinke of Vanderbilt University and Clark Foreman, a connector of worlds—science, government, and philanthropy. Between 1929 and 1931, they wrote letters—so many letters—reaching outward from Highlands into a wider scientific community, inviting others to imagine what might be possible here. Their words carried more than information; they carried conviction.

A publication by Reinke

A Case for the Mountains

At the center of this effort was a small but powerful publication by Reinke: “The Necessity of a Mountain Biological Research Station in the South.” Within its pages lived a quiet urgency—a recognition that the Southern Appalachians held vast, largely unstudied ecological riches; that southern universities needed a place rooted in this landscape; and that students and researchers needed support to pursue that work. The response was immediate and encouraging, echoing back from scientists and from the Highlands community alike.

Reinke’s publication, to read page by page.
June 1930

When the Vision Gathered in One Place

Then, in June of 1930, that shared vision gathered in person. For three days, Highlands became a meeting ground for fifteen scientists representing thirteen institutions, along with others tied to the museum. They stayed at the Highlands Country Club—$5.50 a day for room and board—thanks largely to Clark Foreman, who quietly covered much of the cost. The total bill—just over two hundred dollars—feels almost impossibly small now, considering what would grow from it.

A Photograph of Possibility

At the close of the conference, they stood together for a photograph—a moment suspended in time. Scientists from Emory, Georgia, Tulane, Princeton, and beyond; representatives of museums and federal agencies; local supporters and visionaries. Some were not pictured, but their presence was no less real. These were the early stewards of an idea that had not yet fully taken form.

The photographs themselves became part of the story—carefully bordered, widely distributed—small artifacts of momentum, sent out into the world as invitations. Even the suggestion by Herbert Livingston Satterlee—an early contributor from New York—to include a map showing Highlands and its access routes reflected a growing understanding: that this place, once remote, was becoming a destination for inquiry and discovery.

Click the images below to explore them in more detail.

The close of the June 22, 1930 conference
Clark Foreman with Edwin Reinke and Edwin Conklin

The photograph taken at the close of the June 22, 1930 conference captures a remarkable gathering of early supporters and scientists who helped shape the future of the Highlands Biological Station. A second image shows Clark Howell Foreman (1902–1977) with Dr. Edwin Eustace Reinke (1886–1945) and Dr. Edwin Grant Conklin (1863–1952). Both photographs feature decorative borders—part of a large set Foreman commissioned and distributed to those pictured, while also using them as early promotional materials to attract institutional and individual members to the Laboratory.

Interactive · The gathering

Who stood in the photograph?

Those pictured include the people below, along with several who were not pictured but were part of the gathering. Filter the roster by how each person appears in the story.

Showing all 21 people.

  • Mrs. Virginia Bryan Hendren1880–1967Athens, Georgia
  • Mrs. Marguerite Lou Clark Reade1888–1982Athens, Georgia
  • Dr. Robert Clinton Rhodes1887–1948Emory University
  • Dr. John Moore Reade1876–1937University of Georgia
  • Dr. Edward Stutevant Hathaway1886–1984Tulane University
  • Dr. Berwind Peterson Kaufman1897–1975University of Alabama
  • Mrs. Richard H. Cobb, Elizabethb. 1900Highlands & Atlanta; friend of Clark Foreman
  • Dr. William Edwin Hoy1890–1973University of South Carolina
  • Dr. Edwin Grant Conklin1863–1952Princeton University
  • Dr. Edwin Eustace Reinke1886–1945Vanderbilt University
  • Dr. Linville Laurentino Hendren1880–1958University of Georgia
  • Clifford Hillhouse Pope1899–1974American Museum of Natural History, New York
  • Mrs. Sarah Davis Pope1901–1995New York
  • Edward Burnham Chamberlain1895–1986Charleston Museum
  • Dr. Ivey Foreman Lewis1882–1964University of Virginia
  • Laura Mary Bragg1881–1978Charleston Museum
  • Arthur Holmes Howell1872–1940U.S. Biological Survey (now U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service)
  • Thomas Dearborn Burleigh1895–1973U.S. Biological Survey (now U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service)
  • Clark Howell Foreman1902–1977Museum representative
  • Thomas Grant Harbison1862–1936Museum representative
  • Albertina Staub1866–1942Museum representative
The report of the conference, to read page by page.
The founding years

From a room to a network

  1. 1929–31
    Edwin E. Reinke and Clark Foreman write letters reaching outward from Highlands, inviting the wider scientific community to imagine what might be possible here.
  2. 1930
    JuneFifteen scientists representing thirteen institutions gather in Highlands for three days. At the close of the conference, they stand together for a photograph.
  3. 1930
    August 23The Board of Trustees meets, and new membership categories follow.
  4. 1931
    SummerThe Weyman Laboratory is built.
  5. 1931
    Eight institutions step forward as the first institutional members, at $100 a year each.
  6. Later
    The circle of institutional partners continues to expand.
  7. Today
    Scholarships such as the Thelma Howell Scholarship and the Lindsay Olive Scholarship carry the same spirit forward.
1931

From Conversation to Commitment

From that gathering came a series of defining steps: the incorporation of the Highlands Museum of Natural History, the construction of the Weyman Laboratory in the summer of 1931, and the establishment of the first institutional memberships—quiet but powerful commitments that would sustain the Station for decades to come.

A Modest Beginning, A Lasting Foundation

In 1931, eight institutions stepped forward: Vanderbilt University, University of Georgia, University of Tennessee, Emory University, George Peabody College for Teachers (Nashville), Tulane University, University of Alabama, and the Charleston Museum. They joined not for recognition, but simply to support higher education and to establish a shared base of operations for research in the Southern Appalachians.

For $100 a year, each institution received a simple cubicle—just a table, access to a shared central workspace with running water and a sink, and little else. There was no storage, no research equipment, and not even restrooms. And yet, within these humble conditions, something enduring took root: a community defined not by what it had, but by what it believed in.

What a first membership included

  • A simple cubicle
  • A table
  • Access to a shared central workspace
  • Running water and a sink

Little else, but a shared base of operations for research in the Southern Appalachians.

Membership categories and partners

Growing the Circle

As the Station found its footing, support widened. Following the August 23, 1930 Board of Trustees meeting, new membership categories were established, each offering a different path for participation: Founders ($100, limited to 50 members and quickly filled), Patrons ($1,000), Life Members (Institutional) (initially $50, later raised to $500), Life Members (Individual) ($10), Sustaining Members ($50), and Annual Members ($10).

Interactive · The ladder

Six paths for participation

  1. FoundersLimited to 50 members, and quickly filled$100
  2. Patrons$1,000
  3. Life Members (Institutional)Initially $50, later raised to $500$500
  4. Life Members (Individual)$10
  5. Sustaining Members$50
  6. Annual Members$10

Bar length is drawn on a logarithmic scale, so the smaller amounts stay visible beside the $1,000 Patron level.

The circle of institutional partners continued to expand as well, eventually including the University of North Carolina, Duke University, Wesleyan College, North Carolina State University, Florida State University, University of Florida, Wake Forest University, Clemson University, and Western Carolina University—a growing network bound by a shared commitment to discovery in these mountains.

Interactive · The circle

1931The founding eight

  • Vanderbilt University
  • University of Georgia
  • University of Tennessee
  • Emory University
  • George Peabody College for Teachers (Nashville)
  • Tulane University
  • University of Alabama
  • The Charleston Museum

LaterJoining the circle

  • University of North Carolina
  • Duke University
  • Wesleyan College
  • North Carolina State University
  • Florida State University
  • University of Florida
  • Wake Forest University
  • Clemson University
  • Western Carolina University
Competitive research scholarships

Supporting the Work, Supporting the People

From its earliest days, the work of the Station was carried forward not only by curiosity and conviction, but by the quiet generosity of those who believed in its promise. Alongside institutional support, the Station invested in individuals through competitive research scholarships—opportunities that allowed young scientists to pursue their work in Highlands regardless of financial means.

Early funds, though now depleted, laid the groundwork for continued support through the Minnie D. Warren Scholarship Fund, the Margaret Cannon Howell Scholarship Fund, the Ward’s Natural Science Establishment Scholarship Fund, and the Colonel and Mrs. J. S. S. Sewell Scholarship Fund, established as a memorial gift by Dr. Caryl P. Haskins.

These gifts were more than financial support; they were acts of faith in the idea that access to place, mentorship, and discovery could shape a life’s work. Though the original funds have since been expended, their impact endures in the generations of researchers they helped set in motion.

The early funds

Laying the groundwork

  • Minnie D. Warren Scholarship Fund
  • Margaret Cannon Howell Scholarship Fund
  • Ward’s Natural Science Establishment Scholarship Fund
  • Colonel and Mrs. J. S. S. Sewell Scholarship FundA memorial gift established by Dr. Caryl P. Haskins
A new chapter of giving

Carrying it forward

  • Thelma Howell Scholarship
  • Lindsay Olive Scholarship

Today, that same spirit continues through a new chapter of giving. Scholarships such as the Thelma Howell Scholarship and the Lindsay Olive Scholarship carry forward this legacy—linking past to present, and ensuring that students and researchers can still find their way here, to learn, to question, and to belong to something larger than themselves.

It is about trust

A Legacy Built Together

And so, what began as a single room and over two hundred letters became something far greater. The Highlands Biological Station did not rise all at once—it grew, steadily and collectively, through relationships, through shared purpose, and through the willingness of institutions and individuals alike to invest in a place they believed was worth understanding.

In the end, the story of institutional memberships is not just about funding or affiliation. It is about trust. It is about people choosing, again and again, to support the work of discovery in these mountains—and in doing so, shaping a legacy that continues to unfold.

June 1930