Botanical Gardens and Grounds Planning and Advisory Committee
Gardens and Grounds Roadmap 2026–2030
The Highlands Biological Station has long been a place where science, education, and natural beauty meet. This Roadmap is our living guide for the next five years: how we care for, enhance, and share the Highlands Botanical Gardens and the grounds around them, with our partners, volunteers, and visitors.
One long-term goal
Every action in the Roadmap serves a single, lofty but achievable goal set by HBS. It puts the Station's research, education, and conservation mission first, and welcomes visitors and the community into it.
Thoughtful stewardship connects people more deeply to the natural world. That belief runs through each of the four domains that follow.
“To ensure that HBS has beautiful, modern gardens and grounds that balance field station functionality in research and education with tourism and community engagement, with priority consideration given for the central research, education, and conservation mission of the biological station, making HBS a world-class destination for field biology research, academics, and public engagement.”
HBS Gardens and Grounds Roadmap 2026–2030
How the Roadmap is organized
The long-term goal sits at the center. Around it are the four domains of the Roadmap; every action statement fits into one of them, though many are related. At the corners are the keystone organizations and partners whose collaboration turns the actions into feasible short- and long-term projects.
The action statements, 2026–2030
13 actions the Committee and its partners will take over the next five years, grouped by domain. Open any statement to read the reasoning behind it. Actions flagged as priorities are the focus for fiscal years 2026–27 and 2027–28.
Plant Collections
Goal. The Highlands Botanical Gardens features native plants presented in natural habitat gardens as a resource for research studies and public education. These gardens also serve as ecological preserves of native flora of the Highlands Plateau and the southern Appalachian Mountains. The Highlands Botanical Gardens features numerous native plant demonstration gardens for the education and pleasure of visitors.
C1Continue working on an Excel database for plants in the HBS plant collection.
The HBS Living Collections Policy was approved by the Highlands Biological Station and Board of Directors in March 2020. Work is needed to enter plant records in the database. This work will help inform how to increase the collection of rare/endemic plants needed in the gardens. The ultimate goal is to share plant collections with the public without revealing sensitive and rare plants in the gardens. Examples of ways to share the collection include checklists of categories of plants, plants blooming in different seasons, etc.
Several checklists were developed during the 2021–25 Roadmap period, namely “HBS Trees in the Gardens” and an updated “HBS Bartram Walk” (formerly “Bartram Trail,” a self-guided tour).
C2Create a HBS conservation mission statement, such as a single statement, highlighting HBS priorities, current threats, and potential threat mitigation.
The Highlands Botanical Gardens includes over 30 rare plants. A conservation mission statement will articulate the desired plant conservation role of the HBS.
Grounds Management
Goal. Maintain and enhance the grounds.
G1Help HBS staff prioritize replacement of bridges and handrails to help ensure public safety. (See HBS Campus Appropriate Use Policy, November 2020.)
Evaluate bridges and handrails and any needs to replace or enhance them. The HBS Strategic Priority Action Plan (May 2020) includes: “Continue to enhance trails and signage in the Botanical Garden.”
G2Assist HBS staff in prioritizing needed garden work in response to implementation of new storm water management projects.
The HBS has implemented a number of mitigation steps to redirect storm water that is negatively impacting buildings, walkways, and demonstration gardens. A storm water management plan has been proposed and will be carried out by HBS over time. Preparing for the careful removal, short- or longer-term protection, and replanting of plants will be important as the storm management plans are implemented. This will help prevent the loss of plants and ensure their return to the same garden or to new appropriate locations.
Horticultural Management
Goal. Maintain and enhance the gardens.
H1Assist HBS leadership in identifying additional methods to obtain support for maintaining and enhancing the gardens.
Several HBS Roadmap priority actions require significant funding. The feasibility of achieving these HBS Roadmap priority actions will be enhanced by identifying a broader portfolio of potential fundraisers. This could include the implementation of the HBS Donation Guidelines drafted by the Committee and adopted by the Station in 2023 (e.g., list resource needs and costs on the HBS webpage).
H2Assist HBS in identifying and tracking non-native invasive plants in the gardens and grounds.
An Invasive Plant Management Plan was developed by a garden intern in the summer of 2019. The current horticulturalist kept a journal to record eradication efforts in the gardens. These could be combined to assist the HBS staff and horticulturalist to know what has been done and what are new problem areas (e.g., bladderworts in the lake) and potential means to address them (e.g., introduction of fish with appropriate controls).
H3Review and advise on developing new gardens and enhancing existing gardens to ensure plant health and documentation of new plant additions to the gardens.
Although efforts to select and establish plant species with few reported problems are a key element of a garden design, HBS can anticipate the need to replace specimens from time to time. Those chosen as replacements must be compatible with the site and will hopefully add to the diversity of the plant species on campus.
Public Engagement
Goal. Inspire understanding and appreciation of the rich natural heritage of the Highlands Plateau and southern Appalachian Mountains.
P1Provide advice on the creation of the “South Gateway Garden” next to the Clark Foreman Museum/Nature Center.Priority FY26–28
Improve the visitor experience when entering the gardens at the Clark Foreman Museum (i.e., Nature Center). Design and install a “Discovery” or “Gateway Garden” in the space adjacent to the west side of the Museum to serve as an entry garden and orientation space that is universally accessible and introduces visitors to the HBS and the gardens. This “Exploratorium” could function as an outdoor extension of the Museum.
This space could be an accessible and multi-sensory garden with a sculptural focal point with a model of the Highlands escarpment and an education focal point with interpretive information regarding regional geology, ecology, and biodiversity. This project could also include reestablishing a primary walkway leading to the Woodland Way garden and core (historical) Botanical Gardens entrance.
Funding is needed for construction documents in anticipation of implementation of the plan. The HBS 2021 Roadmap identified this as a top priority near-term project to “enhance the entry corridor leading to the garden from the Nature Center.”
P2Help create interpretation signage for the gardens.
Enhance the educational value of the gardens for visitors. Develop creative ways to integrate education into the gardens. Develop interpretive content for key points throughout the gardens.
P3Assist in generating innovative ways to better engage visitors in animal and plant sciences.
Consider a range of appropriate methods and technologies to reach a diverse audience. The expert panel of botanists who participated in the Highlands Botanical Gardens Forum agreed that “education is the highest and best use for the Highlands Botanical Gardens.”
P4Assist in the recruitment of volunteers to work in the landscaped gardens.
There is an ongoing, dedicated group of Botanical Garden Volunteers who help the HBS maintain and enhance the gardens. This program needs more volunteers and those who can do various physical tasks in the gardens.
P5Create new subcommittees/subgroups or means to help with special events over the next 5 years, with emphasis on the 100-year celebration of the Station and the biennial Native Plant Symposium.
Subcommittees can be among the most important working forces of an organization. They serve as work units of the organization, taking work and breaking it into meaningful and manageable chunks. It will be important to create empowered subcommittees, with specific and clear tasks and goals, moving beyond the Committee to the greater group of Friends of the Station, to realistically assist HBS in carrying out their plans for the 100-year celebration of the Station and the biennial Native Plant Symposiums.
P6Continue to provide advice on workshops, events, and the biennial native plant symposium.
This will include ways to provide enhanced outreach to connect the public with the gardens and further realize their educational value.
No action statements match that combination. Clear the priority filter to see the full list.
From plan to progress
How the actions get done
HBS leadership will utilize HBS staff and traditional funding resources to develop and implement plans to achieve specific actions. HBS has initiated activities for several action statements.
HBS leadership will identify which actions they wish to address through working with the Gardens and Grounds Committee to establish subcommittees or task forces that can make recommendations on necessary next steps, projects, and possible funding avenues.
HBS leadership will work to develop and establish partnerships with like-minded supporters to help move forward or achieve select actions.
How progress is tracked
HBS leadership working with the Gardens and Grounds Committee to establish a system to track progress on project plans and related outcomes. Achievements will be documented and shared.
HBS leadership and the Gardens and Grounds Committee will review the HBS Roadmap priorities and accomplishments annually. Actions can be reprioritized, as necessary.
As HBS and their partners achieve priority actions, the Roadmap will be used to move forward and address other actions that have become more feasible and urgent.
What the 2021–2025 Roadmap accomplished
The prior Roadmap kept the Committee focused on top priorities and gave us a record of the successes of the past five years. Here is where each domain stands as the new Roadmap begins.
A simpler collections database
After several years of unsuccessful attempts to create a living collections database using the purchased BRAHMS software, the Committee agreed that a simpler and less expensive solution was needed. Tara Henderson created an Excel spreadsheet template including a garden location naming scheme. Tara and Paul Manos are working on populating the spreadsheet.
Two rare species expanded
Some Helonias bullata have been moved by Station staff from the large population by the trail to the lakeside bog to a few other locations around the lake. Ken grew Chelone cuthbertii from seeds collected at the Station and planted them in the lakeside bog. Trimming of the woody plants along the boardwalk by Station staff has also allowed previously unknown Chelone cuthbertii to bloom. One Lilium grayi was identified along the boardwalk in 2025 and caged to protect it from deer browse.
Bridges, steps, and trails assessed and improved
A subcommittee (Bryding Adams, Jim Costa, Jason Love, and horticulturist) was established. In July 2021, Station staff, Lynda, and Ken assessed and documented with photographs the bridges, boardwalks, paths, steps, and handrails. Improvements were made in 2022 by Jim Chance and his volunteers, including removing obsolete steps on the steep slope of the Moss Garden, building new stone steps into the Moss Garden from the driveway, improving the bottom step going into the Historic Woodlands, adding stone steps at the end of Creekside Trail, replacing the steps that lead down to the creek just before the Woodland Loop, adding stone steps on the Foreman Trail, and rebuilding the stone cribbing on the edge of the creek. Repairs were made to the steep, narrow section of Creekside Trail where erosion was occurring.
National Register designation closed
The NC State Historic Preservation Office advised that the building would not qualify due to the significant changes that have been made to the building since its construction. No further action.
Storm water proposals in hand
Engineering consultants have developed proposals for mitigating storm water impacts. The HBS is pursuing partial implementation in 2026 with some available funds.
Water quality monitoring under way
Water quality monitoring equipment has been installed in the lake and creek. Monitoring is in progress.
A broader base of support
The Station has received funds for garden projects from the Foundation, the WCU 1889 Grant, Mountaintop Rotary Club, Mountain Findings, Laurel Garden Club, and the North Carolina Science Museums Grant Program. Friends of the Station have continued to donate via the WCU Development office. The Station generated additional funds for the gardens from workshops, garden symposiums, and other events.
Donation Guidelines adopted
The Committee drafted a Donation Policy for the Station, which was adopted by the Station as Donation Guidelines. A link was added to the Station website to make it easier for donors to donate funds to the Station.
Invasive removal, ongoing
Station staff and volunteers have continued removing non-native invasive plants from the campus. This is an ongoing process.
Management and maintenance guidelines written
A subcommittee (Lynda Anderson and Ken Conover) created HBS Gardens and Grounds Management and Maintenance Guidelines in 2023. It is comprehensive in scope, including both sensitive garden areas and demonstration gardens.
More volunteers, tracked and recognized
The Station has initiated several activities that have attracted additional volunteers. Volunteer hours are being tracked. Annual recognition events are held.
South Gateway Entrance Garden concept
Liz Sargent worked with Warren Byrd and Sue Nelson to create a wonderful conceptual design for the proposed South Gateway Entrance Garden. The HBS is raising the funds needed ($30,000) to hire a landscape architect to create schematic designs and construction drawings.
Interpretive content in progress
Several Committee members are in the process of developing interpretive content for new and updated signs.
Names, wayfinding, and a new map
Garden and trail names were updated. New wayfinding signs were installed in 2025. A new trail map was created in 2025.
Four signature events
Station staff and members of the Committee organized and hosted a successful Native Plant Symposium in 2022 to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the Botanical Gardens, a special “Darwin and the Art of Botany” event in 2023, a Native Plant Symposium in 2024, and a special George Masa event in 2025.
A decade of planning, one thread
The 2026–2030 Roadmap builds on a series of collaborative efforts, each one informing the next.
- 2015Highlands Botanical Gardens Forum
An expert panel weighs in on the value of the gardens; education is named their highest and best use.
- 2018Botanical Garden Committee Roadmap
The first roadmap, focused on the gardens themselves.
- 2020Three keystone documents
Living Collections Policy (March), Strategic Priority Action Plan (May), Campus Appropriate Use Policy (November).
- 2021Gardens and Grounds Roadmap 2021–2025
Grounds join the gardens; the four-domain framework takes shape.
- 2025Roadmap Successes report
Five years of accomplishments recorded and celebrated (September).
- 2026Gardens and Grounds Roadmap 2026–2030
Thirteen action statements across four domains, approved by the Executive Director.
The principles and documents that guide it
Sixty-three years of shared work
The leadership of the HBS recognizes that considerable work has been undertaken by HBS staff and a variety of partners over the past 63 years to enhance the gardens and grounds.
HBS Strategic Priority Action Plan (May 2020)
Developed with the HBS Board of Directors, the plan continues to inform the development of the HBS Roadmap action statements and is a key reference document.
HBS Living Collections Policy (March 2020)
A keystone document that will guide the development of HBS policies, programs, and projects with respect to gardens and grounds.
HBS Campus Appropriate Use Policy (November 2020)
The policy and its related map provide guidance on HBS policies, programs, and projects with respect to gardens and grounds.
A living document
HBS recognizes that the HBS Roadmap is a “living document” focused on the next five years.
The Committee
The Botanical Gardens and Grounds Planning and Advisory Committee brings together HBS leadership and staff, Western Carolina University faculty, and community members who care deeply about these gardens. It advises the Station, reports regularly to the Board of Directors, and drafted this Roadmap.
Current members
- Bryding Adams
- Lynda Anderson
- Ken ConoverImmediate Past Chair
- Dr. James CostaHighlands Biological Station Executive Director
- Jason LoveHighlands Biological Station Associate Director
- Leslie ManningHighlands Biological Foundation Executive Director
- Dr. Paul ManosChair
- Kathy Mathews
- Marissa NiedduHighlands Biological Foundation Marketing & Communications Specialist
- Liz Sargent
- Jeremy Schewe
- Dollie Swanson
- Sarah VickeryHighlands Biological Station Business & Communications Manager
- Canty WorleyHighlands Biological Station Horticultural Specialist
- Glenda Zahner
Contributors to the 2026 Roadmap
As listed in the Roadmap dated September 26, 2025.
- Committee Chair
- Ken Conover
- Highlands Biological Station
- James Costa, PhD, Executive Director
Jason Love, Associate Director
Canty Worley, Horticultural Specialist - Western Carolina University
- Katherine Mathews, PhD, Director of WCU Herbarium, Botanist
- Community
- Bryding Adams
Lynda Anderson, PhD
Ken Conover
Paul Manos
Glenda Zahner
Read the full Roadmap
The complete document, including the organizing framework, all 13 action statements with their rationale, implementation and assessment, contributors, and the accomplishments of the 2021–2025 Roadmap.
Committee reports to the Board
The Committee updates the HBS Board of Directors twice a year. Reports since 2020 are archived here.
- Committee update to the Board of Directors, June 6, 2025PDF
- Committee update to the Board of Directors, October 27, 2024PDF
- Committee update to the Board of Directors, June 10, 2024PDF
- Committee update to the Board of Directors, November 19, 2023PDF
- Committee update to the Board of Directors, June 11, 2023PDF
- Committee update to the Board of Directors, December 5, 2022PDF
- Committee update to the Board of Directors, June 25, 2022PDF
- Committee update to the Board of Directors, April 3, 2022PDF
- Committee update to the Board of Directors, October 24, 2021PDF
- Committee update to the Board of Directors, June 27, 2021PDF
- Committee update to the Board of Directors, March 28, 2021PDF
- Committee update to the Board of Directors, November 8, 2020PDF
Questions about the Roadmap
What is the HBS Gardens and Grounds Roadmap?
The Roadmap is the five-year plan (2026–2030) that sets out the actions the Botanical Gardens and Grounds Planning and Advisory Committee and its partners will take to sustain and enhance the Highlands Botanical Gardens and the grounds of the Highlands Biological Station. It is a living document, reviewed annually.
Who is on the Gardens and Grounds Planning and Advisory Committee?
The Committee brings together HBS leadership and staff, Western Carolina University faculty, Highlands Biological Foundation staff, and community members. It is chaired by Dr. Paul Manos, with Ken Conover as immediate past chair. Current members and the contributors to the 2026 Roadmap are listed on this page.
How is progress on the Roadmap tracked?
HBS leadership and the Committee establish a system to track progress on project plans and outcomes, document and share achievements, and review priorities and accomplishments annually. Actions can be reprioritized as needed. Committee reports to the Board of Directors are posted on this page.
How can I support the gardens and grounds?
Volunteer in the landscaped gardens, join a subcommittee for special events such as the Station's centennial and the biennial Native Plant Celebration, or give through the Station's donation guidelines. Contact HBS to learn what is needed right now.
What happened with the prior 2021–2025 Roadmap?
Highlights include a working collections database, expanded populations of rare plants, improved steps and trails, new wayfinding signs and a trail map, water quality monitoring, adopted donation guidelines, and a conceptual design for the South Gateway Entrance Garden. The full list is in the accomplishments section.